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Deracheha » Deutsch

Die drei Mitzwot

September 21, 2023 1:38 pm Comments Off on Die drei Mitzwot

Warum bilden die Mitzwot von Challa, vom Kerzenanzünden und von Nidda eine Gruppe?

Kurzfassung

Was sind die drei Mitzwot?

Die drei Mitzwot sind Gebote, bei denen die Halacha bei der Ausführung einer Frau den Vorrang vor einem Mann gibt:

  • Challa, das Trennen der ersten Portion des Teiges;
  • Hadlakat Haner, das Anzünden von Schabbat- und Jom Tow-Kerzen;
  • Nidda, das Befolgen der Gesetze der Familienreinheit.

Warum bilden diese spezifischen Mitzwot eine Gruppe?

Zwei Erklärungen erscheinen in halachischen Texten, die die Besonderheit dieser drei Mitzwot unterstreichen:

Ein Midrasch lehrt, dass die Priorität der Frauen bei der Erfüllung dieser Mitzwot einen Tikkun (eine Wiedergutmachung) für Chawas Rolle bei der Verführung Adams darstellt. Sie sind erlösend.

Diese Mitzwot können andererseits die traditionellen häuslichen Pflichten einer Frau widerspiegeln. Halachot mit symbolischer Bedeutung haben manchmal praktische Ursprünge.

Warum sind diese Mitzwot wichtig?

Die Mischna bezeichnet diese Mitzwot als besonders wichtig für Frauen. Dem Talmud zufolge argumentiert die biblische Chana selbst, dass die Erfüllung dieser Mitzwot den Frauen besonders große Verdienste gewährt. Zusammen könnten diese drei Mitzwot auf eine breitere halachische Rolle für Frauen hinweisen.

Welche könnte das sein? Siehe Teil II .

Langfassung

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